bio material

•History of Biomaterial Science

Ø 2000 years ago Romans, Chinese, and Aztec used gold in dentistry

ØIn 1937 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) introduced in densistry.

ØIn early 1960s PMMA, ulthrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, and stainless steel for total hip replacement

ØIn early 1970s Clemson University arranged Biomaterial symposia

ØIn 1975 the Society for Biomaterial was exist.

ØIn 1990s Biomaterial become well-established field.

•Definition of Biomaterial Science

•William, D.F (1987)

  A biomaterial is a nonviable material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological system

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Kind of Biomaterial:

1.Tissue biomaterial (living organism)

Ø Auto graf

Ø Allo graf

Ø Xeno graf

2. Non tissue biomaterials

3. Mixture

•Example of Biomaterial

1.Substitute Heart Valves

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Ø In USA, each year more than 45.000 replacement valve are implanted

Ø Heart valve prostheses are fabricated from carbon, metals, elastomers, fabrics, and natural valves

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2. Artificial Hip Joints

ØEach year, USA implanted more than 90.000 artificial hip joints.

ØHip joints are fabricated from titanium, specific high-strength alloys, ceramics, composites.

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3. Dental Implants

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ØEach year implanted in approximately 275.000 people.

ØThe widespread introduction of titanium implants has revolutionized dental implantology.

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4. Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)

ØMade of PMMA, silicone elastomer, or other materials are used to replace a natural lens.

•Subject Integrated to Biomaterial Science

1.Toxicology

ØA biomaterial should not be toxic.

ØIt deals with the substance that migrate out of biomaterials.

2. Biocompatibility

ØThe ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application (William, 1987)

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3. Healing

  Injury to tissue will stimulate the well-defined inflammatory reaction sequence that leads to healing. If a foreign bode involved, the normal response of the body will be modulated.

4. Unique anatomical sites

  A biomaterial placed in a site that require specific geometry, size, mechanical properties.

5. Mechanical and Performance requirements

ØMechanical performance

ØMechanical durability

ØPhysical properties\

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6. Industrial Involvement

7. Ethics

8. Regulation

•Prosthesis Biomaterials

•Endo Prosthesis

•Exo Prosthesis

•Metallic Biomaterial

•Mainly used in implants that replace hard tissue.

•Example:

Ø Stainless steel

Ø Co-Cr alloys

Ø Titanium and it alloys.

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•Factors for Biomaterial

1.Mechanical Properties

ØTensile Strength

ØDuctility

ØYoung’s Modulus  (Flexibility)

ØHardness

ØFatigue life

ØFretting fatigue life

ØWear properties

2. Mechanical Biocompabilities

3. Corrosion Resistance

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  In the future, new biomaterial and biomaterial science will be developed when the harmonization of titanium (metallic), ceramics, and polymer biomaterial via chemical bonding is satisfactorily  achieved.

  ( Mitsuo Niinomi, 2008)

Source: www.imr.cas.cn

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Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6 Zr (TNTZ)

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